Urbanization is the process of growth in the proportion of the population living in urban areas . It is usually measured as the rate of change per unit time .
The word urbanization is derived from latin word urbanus or urban which means identification of civilized and proper society . Due to the development of infrastructure like transportation , health service , communication and education in urban areas there are more employment opportunities generated in urban areas that's why migration is high in urban areas from rural areas .
Urban area
According to the Witherick Michael 's theory four important changes are necessary for urbanization, which are
- shift in economy ,
- Change in the distribution of population ,
- Xhange in the way of life ,
- Change in the size and character settlements .
A certain area where population density , rate of economic growth , availability of means of transportation and communication are high , the use of scientific means are more and more , development of education ,health are high as well as social aspect and life style are complex is termed as urban area or city .
The definition of urban areas are mostly affected by the economy and industrialization development of country .
Advantages of urbanization
- Development in means and services ,
- Increase in the employment opportunities ,
- Due to the availability of modern technologies , means and sources lifestyle and standard of living becomes advance ,
- Due to the development of infrastructure economy will be benefited ,
- Development in industries helps in the overall development of nation ,
- Development of market system ,
- Easily consumption of local products ,
- Availability of basic needs like Education , health facilities will be easy .
City
Disadvantages of urbanization
- Increase in pollution ,
- Increase in the gap between rich and poor ,
- Increases in the price rate of goods and services ,
- Challenges in the peace and security increases ,
- Agricultural land changes into residential area ,
- Increase in the chances of social problems like prostitution and drug abuse ,
- Increase in the chances of exploitation of natural resources ,
- Increases air , warter and sound pollution , etc .
Effects on environment due to unmanaged urbanization
- Increase the garbages and waste materials ,
- Increase in air pollution ,
- water sources get polluted ,
- Problems in dranage system ,
- Increase in sound pollution ,
- Increasecin population density ,
- Unmanaged industrialization ,
- Increase in temperature , and
- depletion in ozone layer .
Urbanization is a regular process but it should be done in proper way in order to protect our environment .
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